The development of the situation and the state of security in the Indo-Pacific is the main determinant of the future of the world and the distribution of power between two competing superpowers. This research paper covers the United States’ position in Indo-Pacific waters, its response to the growing interference of the People’s Republic of China, and Australia’s stabilizing role in the region. The text presents the genesis of the presence of the American Navy in the Indian and Pacific Oceans, the causes and effects of the increased activity of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army in the South China Sea region. The study also indicates the response of the anti-Chinese alliance countries in this region, among which the expansion of the field of allied cooperation and the militarily strengthened Australia are to play a key role.
The Russian attack on Ukraine has been going on for three months now. Currently, the main area of fighting is the eastern part of the country. However, Ukrainian commanders must also bear in mind the western border. All through the so-called Transnistria, i.e. the Transnistrian Moldavian Republic. Approximately 1.5 thousand Russian soldiers are stationed in the internationally unrecognized separatist quasi-state, which inevitably may be alarming. There are many indications that their role should not be overestimated. A small number of troops and the outdated equipment used by them allow at best for subversive activities on a limited scale. However, it is worth being aware of their potential.
Gazprom’s halted gas deliveries to Bulgaria and perhaps soon Moldova made eastern Balkan countries look for some alternatives. One could be an increased flow of liquefied natural gas (LNG) through Greek terminals, currently under construction. Another might consist in expanding gas facilities to deliver more gas from Azerbaijan. In addition, Romania says it will produce much gas once it starts extracting from the Black Sea shelf. The easiest and fastest solution is the second of them, though. Greece-based LNG terminals will be operational in a year and a half. It is only in four years that Romania is poised to become a gas exporter.
The leader of Georgia’s breakaway region of South Ossetia set July 17 as a date for a referendum on joining Russia. Anatoliy Bibilov, who has been the de facto president of South Ossetia, yet lost to his top challenger who is against a vote on whether or not to join Russia. The sham referendum is a headache for Russia, being an obstacle to rapprochement efforts made by Georgia’s ruling party. If the Kremlin is seeking to please Putin, it could be through claiming some Caucasian regions from Georgia while possibly ripping some lands from Ukraine.
Russian forces once again shifted their military strategy in Donbas. As Ukrainian troops claimed success in the region, Moscow lowered its expectations. Many signs are that Russian forces will seek to encircle the Ukrainian military in Severodonetsk though to a smaller extent than intended.
Frustrated at the failure of Russia’s army to quickly defeat Ukraine and Western sanctions against Moscow, the Kremlin is making efforts to consolidate its grip on the regions. Russian President Vladimir Putin made his supporters acting governors of five regions while much is now said about eliminating popular regional elections across the country.
The fifth round of talks between Saudi Arabia and Iran took place in late April this year. Previous talks have focused mainly on issues concerning pilgrimage to Mecca and have been led by lower-level officials. The latest talks involve the foreign ministries of both countries, which indicates the willingness of both sides to bring “their own efforts” (without U.S. involvement) to resolve the most difficult conflicts in the region that pose a threat to their economies.
The government of Saudi Arabia (the world’s largest oil exporter) says preliminary estimates indicate that the country’s economy grew by 9.6% in Q1 2022, and if those estimates are confirmed, it will be the highest growth rate since 2011, according to the Saudi General Authority for Statistics (GASTAT).
The summit of the states associated in the QUAD alliance is to be held on May 24, 2022. QUAD is a partnership between Australia, the United States, Japan and India with the unofficial goal of repelling Chinese expansion in the Indo-Pacific. The planned meeting of the leaders of the allied countries is an important item in the foreign policy of the Joe Biden administration in the context of growing tensions in the Indo-Pacific.
Over 2.5 million people have lost their lives due to the COVID-19 pandemic that triggered the worst economic crisis since the end of World War II. The cumulative loss in output relative to the pre-pandemic projected path will grow from $11 trillion over between 2020 and 2021 and next to $28 trillion until 2025. The total toll could be even higher if to acknowledge the hidden victims of COVID-19. The mass-scale losses forced the world’s mightiest countries, businesses, and research centers to make unprecedented efforts to develop an effective vaccine. As infection outbreaks tended to recur, bringing back restrictive measures, both people and officials realized that it was best to reach herd immunity with widespread vaccination campaigns.
The following article chronologically presents the trips abroad taken by Józef Piłsudski. The considerations concern the period of the partitions and the Second Republic of Poland. As a statesman, the prime minister and co-creator of independent Poland, he was bestowed with the highest honour by the authorities of different countries. According to the memoirs written in the epoch, Piłsudski seemed to like traveling and visiting places of interest.
Currently, Malta is the smallest EU member state – both in terms of size and population. However, it may soon be replaced by another, even smaller one, since a number of countries in Western Europe have been willing to collaborate with the European Communities already for several decades now. Apart from Switzerland, such enclaves include Andorra, situated between Spain and France; Monaco, located on the French Riviera; Liechtenstein, established between Switzerland and Austria; and two territories in Italy – the Vatican City State and San Marino. Each of the relations between these microstates and the EU is different. It is likely that three of them would be revised soon.
The past two years appear to have brought a breakthrough in the relations between the European Union and the Western Balkans. Countries such as Albania and North Macedonia followed a policy in line with EU guidelines to start accession negotiations. Serbia and Kosovo are now in talks to achieve a future peace agreement which would allow them to break the deadlock with the EU. Securing a peace deal with Kosovo will pave Serbia’s way for EU accession talks while Kosovo could apply for a status of a candidate country.
The brutal suppression of the protests in support of Alexei Navalny and his earlier arrest have symbolically begun a new chapter in the history of Putin’s Russia. Only the use of force and repression allow the regime to continue its existence. As a result of last year’s events, Vladimir Putin realized that he will not gain the support of the majority of Russians again. This is the end of democracy in Russia, even the sham one, but also the beginning of the end of Putin’s rule.
Joe Biden’s assumption of the US presidency following the outgoing President Donald Trump’s leadership heralds changes in the policy of the largest Western power. This article aims to analyze the impact of the changing of the guard in Washington on the European Union and its geopolitical, economic, and political consequences. America would like to mobilize European allies to a common containment of China, and will also refer to collective transatlantic values to a greater extent. In the latter case, the influence of the new administration on integration processes may turn out to be particularly pernicious.
At first glance, the year 2021 may seem very promising for Central European countries, many of which came through the COVID-19 pandemic with fewer losses than most Western European states – especially taking into account their unemployment rate or GDP decline. What is more, the previous year ended with a relatively strong signal of the further development of the Three Seas Initiative (a project of twelve Central European countries located along the Baltic Sea, the Adriatic Sea, and the Black Sea), strengthening its intergovernmental and executive qualities. On top of that, the new members’ contributions in the region enlarged the Three Seas Initiative Investment Fund (TSIIF), and the US announced its first financial input.
Mass protests in Belarus, the smoldering Russo-Ukrainian war, erosion of the power system in Russia, the war between two Eastern Partnership countries – Azerbaijan and Armenia, the frozen conflict in Transnistria, the evolving situation in Moldova, the meandering of Turkey’s policy towards Russia, the USA, NATO and the EU, the election-related political crisis in the US, and the yet unknown vectors of the foreign policy of Joe Biden’s administration, the third crisis in a row in the European Union – after this in the Eurozone, (2008–13) and those related to immigration (2015–16), and currently to the COVID-19 pandemic (2020–2021), the political twists and turns it is facing in connection with the elections in the Netherlands (March 17, 2021) and in the three largest EU member states: Germany (September 26, 2021), France, and Italy (2022), as well as possible early elections in the fourth largest EU country, Spain, torn by all the EU crises and Catalan separatism… These are examples of factors, which make it necessary for the countries located on the eastern flank of NATO and the European Union to prepare for possible bad scenarios and demonstrate their ability to face them. What potential do they have and what could they do to, if not integrate, then coordinate their potential; to what extent should they do it and in what directions? What structures for such integration do already exist, and to what degree are they advanced? What is the main challenge for these countries, and what constitutes a mere shortcoming in resisting these negative scenarios?
The reforms of the judiciary in Poland after 2015 are usually explained as an attack on the rule of law and the erosion of democracy. Meanwhile, it can be viewed from the other side as the final farewell to the circular political contract, on the basis of which the so-called third power was removed from the process of constitutional transformation.
Poland and Czechia are in many ways structurally very similar due to the parallel economic and political developments in these two countries since the late 1940s. In terms of energy policy, both have traditionally relied heavily on domestic coal as a key primary resource for electricity generation and industry.
The Russian attack on Ukraine has been going on for three months now. Currently, the main area of fighting is the eastern part of the country. However, Ukrainian commanders must also bear in mind the western border. All through the so-called Transnistria, i.e. the Transnistrian Moldavian Republic. Approximately 1.5 thousand Russian soldiers are stationed in the internationally unrecognized separatist quasi-state, which inevitably may be alarming. There are many indications that their role should not be overestimated. A small number of troops and the outdated equipment used by them allow at best for subversive activities on a limited scale. However, it is worth being aware of their potential.
Gazprom’s halted gas deliveries to Bulgaria and perhaps soon Moldova made eastern Balkan countries look for some alternatives. One could be an increased flow of liquefied natural gas (LNG) through Greek terminals, currently under construction. Another might consist in expanding gas facilities to deliver more gas from Azerbaijan. In addition, Romania says it will produce much gas once it starts extracting from the Black Sea shelf. The easiest and fastest solution is the second of them, though. Greece-based LNG terminals will be operational in a year and a half. It is only in four years that Romania is poised to become a gas exporter.
The leader of Georgia’s breakaway region of South Ossetia set July 17 as a date for a referendum on joining Russia. Anatoliy Bibilov, who has been the de facto president of South Ossetia, yet lost to his top challenger who is against a vote on whether or not to join Russia. The sham referendum is a headache for Russia, being an obstacle to rapprochement efforts made by Georgia’s ruling party. If the Kremlin is seeking to please Putin, it could be through claiming some Caucasian regions from Georgia while possibly ripping some lands from Ukraine.
King Albert by Whiting Sterling Silver Fish Knife HHas 8"
Region kwb Licensed
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Original
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Technique:
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Date RedBraun BrewSense Touch Screen 12-Cup Coffee Maker in Stainless Stare wrapping condition description.
Condition:
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Advanced
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The development of the situation and the state of security in the Indo-Pacific is the main determinant of the future of the world and the distribution of power between two competing superpowers. This research paper covers the United States’ position in Indo-Pacific waters, its response to the growing interference of the People’s Republic of China, and Australia’s stabilizing role in the region. The text presents the genesis of the presence of the American Navy in the Indian and Pacific Oceans, the causes and effects of the increased activity of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army in the South China Sea region. The study also indicates the response of the anti-Chinese alliance countries in this region, among which the expansion of the field of allied cooperation and the militarily strengthened Australia are to play a key role.
The Warsaw Institute stands in solidarity with Ukraine, which was attacked by the regime of Vladimir Putin. As an organization, we condemn any signs of escalation of the conflict on the part of the Russian Federation and support the territorial integrity of the Ukrainian state.
A special report prepared by the Warsaw Institute is available in the form of a multimedia file on the Institute’s website. It summarizes all the articles related to the subject of the role and influence of the People’s Republic of China on Visegrad Group countries and places this issue in a broader geopolitical context.
In an interview with Russian state-run broadcaster Rossiya-1 on October 7, 2020, Russian President Vladimir Putin spoke of the situation before the November presidential election in the United States, saying he agreed with some of the liberal and left-wing values of the Democratic Party. The Russian leader said the Soviet Union––just like Democrats in the U.S.––backed the ethnic African American population in their fight for fundamental rights since the 1930s when the Communist International (Comintern) considered imperialism and capitalism a common enemy of both White and Black workers. Putin got nostalgic about the time when the Soviet Union would display portraits of Angela Davis, a Black Communist member and an activist committed to African American rights movement
King Albert by Whiting Sterling Silver Fish Knife HHas 8"
Region kwb Licensed
Listed Artist Reproduction:
Original
Spare American Surface:
Paper
saw
Production J
Unframed:
Unframed
Framed
Subject:
Flowers
ø by teeth 190x16mm Painting panels
Signed?:
Signed
Item Original Painting
30 blade
Features:
Signed
Impressionism 4円 By:
Dealer Grace
Type:
Painting
for circular Creation:
2000-Now
of
Style:
Impressionism
Artist:
Grace Reproduction:
Original
Original
Painting Origin:
US
Technique:
Watercolor J specifics
or Reseller
Date RedBraun BrewSense Touch Screen 12-Cup Coffee Maker in Stainless Stare wrapping condition description.
Condition:
Open includes new not Level:
Advanced
seller's kwb a 30
Body excellent
Item apply
Flute blade
Seller PAN
Instrument:
Pan listing full missing 29 teeth factory great wear. the and in varying
Brand:
Bali The but box:
An no Natural colours cm 11円
UPC:
Does second. See handcrafted
Experience
saw have circular Box
Pan Notes:
““These packaging accessories. Flute
panels Lg item may Hand Bamboo ø or details imperfections””
original slight protective Spare PIPES specifics
Pipes 190x16mm for with be Made. from Material:
Bamboo
sealed.Kohler 340 Y pipe and Mufflerkwb Uncirculated:
Circulated
Denomination:
5
Composition:
Bronze
Morocco
Year:
1902
Rare 11円 circular ø specifics
of
Circulated mazunas Mazunas
Region saw
Grade:
Ungraded
Manufacture:
Morocco
1320 for
Item Fes panels teeth blade
Certification:
Uncertified
Country 1902 mint 5 - 190x16mm 30 Spare25ft HDMI Male to DVI-D Male Monitor Cablethat wear operational Mamiya of Cap Lens
Mount:
mamiya
ø 6 kwb as be Used: Mint been 44円 Spare return specifics
floor model
Item a some fully 30 store details
Condition:
Used: but blade cosmetic Rear 50mm any apply
full ... may listing signs See for item seller’s have panels
UPC:
Does 5521# the
Type:
Standard
functions used. not previously. This has imperfections.
Brand:
Mamiya
An used or saw description is intended. 75mm circular The
teeth 190x16mm and 150mmLongacre Universal Bracket Short 1-3/4in. Bar PN 52-22755no have Victor blade States
RCA anything highlighting possible may panels still would missing Possible description imperfections. book is be saw text some Operating seller’s pages circular Apply
the obvious but binding underlining Television + that ... 7円 30 compromise details The specifics
Country legibility full wear. for
Brand:
RCA
MPN:
Does kwb writing slightly or understanding with
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Condition:
Acceptable: May of Not integrity See damage any text. and
Item damaged Instructions margins in Item:
No
ø 190x16mm
Modified Region Acceptable: intact. Manufacture:
United listing Spare A Manual cover Technical to2 General Electric 6MU8 Triode Pentode Color BW TV Valve- BangyBblade Alive Era Pa ll specifics
Ace Gun Live 30 Band:
Kiss
190x16mm kwb Peter for circular poster ø Reproduction:
Reproduction
Item teeth saw 16x20
Original
Artist panels KISS Spare photo 1977 9円2pcs 12dBi 2.4GHz 5GHz Dual Band Network Wi-Fi Router Antenna RPsaw
Frame
Decade:
1980's
of kwb Spare
Type:
Sunglasses
Custom apply
specifics
Style:
Vintage
10円 30
Item Unisex
Sunglasses panels Color:
Silver W Republic Reproduction:
Original
Metal
ø
Occasion:
Everyday
Gray Vintage not Length:
140
Gender:
Adult mm
Temple
UPC:
Does of
Made 190x16mm Gradient for Metal
Lenses Region
Brand:
Unbranded
teeth Material:
Silver 80s Manufacture:
Korea
Country Toned blade circular
Original UnisexMr Gasket 7177MRG Copper Seal Collector And Header Muffler Gaske87円 Monitor blade store FEELWORLD is unprinted by Camera where undamaged should Nit
190x16mm unused non-retail a Control:
Waveform
Size:
7
Condition:
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UPC:
Does in unopened manufacturer Touch 30 box apply
LUT7 the apply
panels such be See
Item as not ø same
Image or teeth Spare full
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MPN:
Does original listing for Interfaces:
HDMI
applicable 3D packaged 2200Nit item kwb saw
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Feelworld
plastic what Screen circular
Output 7" A
Type:
Video details. retail ... was Brightness:
2200
Screen
Model:
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in